• Natural Causes : Short, high intensity causes flash floods, heavy rains cause waterlogging
  
  
• Human Activities : Disposal of solid waste into rivers, sedimentation from land clearing and construction areas, increase in impermeable areas and obstructions in rivers

• Positive : Maintain, enrich and restore certain biodiversity in floodplains, restore nutrient-rich soil conditions suitable for agriculture and native plants, remove mud and sediment from floodplains, and recharge groundwater
  
  
• Negative : Threaten lives, disrupt social and economic activities and destroy property, cause hardship and recovery costs can be high for governments and individuals, and deter new investment in flood-prone areas

Initially, flood management focused on urgent needs such as implementing flood relief and implementing flood mitigation projects to address problems caused by rapid development.
Non-structural methods were introduced such as the Environmentally Friendly Drainage Manual. Since 2001, this manual has been a mandatory requirement for new developments in urban areas.

Since the new millennium, the DID has taken into account the Integrated River Basin Development and Integrated Flood Management approaches for flood management plans. This will provide a more balanced approach between structural and non-structural measures and a higher level of community participation.

In 1972, the government established the Central Disaster Relief Committee whose function was to coordinate flood relief operations at the national, state and district levels with the aim of preventing loss of life and reducing damage due to floods.

The DDS is a member of the committee and this organization is based on Procedure No. 29 issued by the National Security Council. In addition, the DDS also issued Circular No. 2/2003-"Guidelines for Management of Flood Disaster during the Monsoon Season and Flash Floods" to coordinate flood operation preparations at the federal, state and district levels.